I'm heading to Argentina in 3 weeks as well but will be quite a bit farther south (a place called Kooi Noom in the Santa Cruz area). You are correct that there is not much info about fly patterns, but I did manage to find a few lists online and collated them below. My sense is that the insect life is not as diverse as here in North America so the list of patterns is not terribly long. Hope this helps.
Pattern Sizes Color Dries: Stimulators 6-12 Various colors Chernobyl Ants 6-8 Black or Brown w/ white rubber legs Grasshoppers 6-10 Various colors Parachute Adams 12-18 White posts Foam Beetles 2-14 Various colors Irresistibles 12-16 n/a Humpys 12-18 Various colors Dragon Flies Streamers: Wooly Buggers 2-4 Green/Black w/ white rubber legs Zonkers 2-4 White/Black/Green/Natural Muddler Minnows 2-4 Natural Matukas 4-10 Olive, Brown, Black Nymphs: Hare’s Ears 12-18 Gold ribbed Pheasant Tails 12-18 n/a Scuds 12-18 Olive Copper Johns 12-18 n/a